[1.12] Tegan asks about antepartum haemorrhages and their impact on future pregnancies.

[3.15] Dr Pat explains what an antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is and how it is managed.

[7.40] Dr Pat talks about whether future pregnancies are managed different after a APH.

[8.23] Dr Pat list some reasons for bleeding at term that are of concern.

[9.31] Alice asks about a second trimester screening test coming back as high risk after all other tests such as NIPTs coming back as normal.

[11.10] Dr Pat talks about the second trimester screening and how the results are calculated, he also compares it with the NIPT.

[15.12] Paris asks about what pregnancy multivitamins she should be taking and what are the side effects of not taking a pregnancy multivitamin.

[16.45] Dr Pat talks about how important it is to be taking folate in pregnancy and how you can get a plain folate supplement if a pregnancy multivitamin isn’t working for you. [19.08] Brigid recommends listening to episodes 79. Nutrients in Pre-pregnancy with Stef Valakas (The Dietologist) Part 1 and 80. How to get the nutrients you need in pregnancy with Stef Valakas (The Dietologist) Part 2

[19.50] Rachel asks whether it is normal for your HCG levels to be higher than the gestational sac is presenting, or whether it is a sign of a miscarriage.

[21.50] Dr Pat talks about how there is a wide range of normal range for beta HCG and how it is used to manage progress. He talks about how it is important that ultrasound is used in this situation to diagnosis a miscarriage.

[22.54] Dr Pat talks about the ASUM guidelines for bleeding in early pregnancy.

[24.33] Dr Pat defines some terms that may be used in this situation.

[26.00] Theresa asks about placenta encapsulations and whether there are actually any benefits. She also asks whether she is causing any harm to her baby by continue to surf during pregnancy.

[27.01] Dr Pat and Brigid talks about placenta encapsulation and whether there are any benefits to taking it as a supplement. Brigid references a study that she found on placenta encapsulation.

[28.08] Dr Pat talks about the encapsulation process.

[30.02] Dr Pat talks about continuing to surf during pregnancy and the recommendations around exercise during pregnancy.

[31.49] Anonymous asks about having low Pap A in a previous pregnancy that ended in a caesarean section due to obstruction of labour and whether this will impact VBAC outcomes in future pregnancies. She also asks about going post due date in a low Pap A pregnancy and the risks around it.

[33.35] Dr Pat talks about not having to deal with difficult pregnancy decisions on your own.

[34.10] Dr Pat talks about VBAC success rates and what makes a good VBAC candidate and poor VBAC candidate.

[36.48] Dr Pat talks about the roll low Pap A can play in a women’s birth options.